When you adopt a child, you may want to change their name. This is common and can be an important part of helping the child feel like part of the family. In many cases, you can change the child’s name during the adoption process. If not, you can still do it after the adoption is final. Here’s how it works.

Why Change a Child’s Name?

There are different reasons families choose to change a child’s name. Sometimes, adoptive parents want to give the child a new first or last name. This could be to match the family’s last name or to give the child a name with special meaning. In some cases, the child helps choose their new name.

No matter the reason, changing a name can help build a stronger sense of belonging.

When Can You Change the Name?

You can usually ask the judge to change the child’s name at the final adoption hearing. This is the easiest time to do it because everything is already going through the court. The judge can approve the name change in the same order that makes the adoption final.

If you don’t change the name during the adoption, you can still do it later. You’ll just need to file a separate name change request with the court.

How Do You Change the Name?

If the adoption is still in progress, you can:

1. Talk to your adoption lawyer.

2. Ask them to include the name change in your adoption paperwork.

3. At the final adoption hearing, the judge can approve the new name.

If the adoption is already complete, you’ll need to:

1. Fill out a name change form from your local court.

2. Pay a filing fee (this amount depends on where you live).

3. Attend a short court hearing, where the judge reviews your request.

In some places, the judge may ask why you want the name change. It’s helpful to explain that the child is adopted and that the new name will make them feel more connected to their family.

Do You Need a Lawyer?

You don’t always need a lawyer to change a name. But having one can make things easier, especially if you’re unsure what forms to file or how the court process works. An experienced adoption attorney can guide you and help avoid delays.

What Happens After the Name Is Changed?

Once the judge approves the new name, you’ll get a legal paper called a court order. This paper shows the old name and the new name. You’ll use it to update important documents like:

• The child’s birth certificate

• Social Security card

• School records

• Health insurance

• Passport (if needed)

You may need certified copies of the court order to make these changes.

What If the Child Is Old Enough to Decide?

In some states, if the child is old enough (usually age 10 or older), the court may ask for their opinion. This helps make sure the child agrees with the name change and feels comfortable. Talking about the change ahead of time can help the child feel more included.

Changing a child’s name after adoption is a personal decision. It can be a meaningful way to show that your child is a full part of your family. Whether you do it during the adoption or afterward, the legal steps are usually simple—but it’s important to follow the right process.

If you have questions about name changes or adoption, it helps to work with a lawyer who understands family formation law.

At the Law Office of Cofsky & Zeidman, LLC, we’ve helped over 1,500 families through adoption and legal name changes. We’ll make sure every step is done right. Call us today at (856) 429-5005 in Haddonfield, NJ, (856) 845-2555 in Woodbury, NJ, or (215) 563-2150 in Philadelphia, PA. We’re here to help you and your family.

Adoption is a life-changing journey for all parties involved—birth parents, adoptive parents, and the child. One of the most important decisions in the adoption process is whether the adoption will be open or closed. Each arrangement carries distinct emotional, social, and legal implications. Understanding these differences from a legal perspective is essential for adoptive families preparing to navigate the complexities of adoption.

In an open adoption, there is some degree of communication and exchange of information between the birth family and the adoptive family. This can range from occasional letters and photos to in-person visits, depending on the preferences of both parties. In a closed adoption, by contrast, there is no communication after the adoption is finalized, and records identifying the birth parents and adoptive parents are usually sealed.

Historically, closed adoptions were the norm in the United States. In the mid-20th century, societal attitudes toward unwed mothers and adoption practices placed great emphasis on privacy. Closed records were intended to protect all parties, particularly birth mothers, from stigma and to promote a sense of security for adoptive families. However, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, open adoption became increasingly common as research showed that ongoing contact could benefit children’s emotional development.

Today, data from the Donaldson Adoption Institute shows that approximately 60% to 70% of domestic infant adoptions in the United States are now open to some extent. Each open adoption is different, and the level of openness is typically outlined in a formal agreement known as a post-adoption contact agreement (PACA).

From a legal standpoint, open adoptions present both opportunities and challenges. One key point to understand is that in most jurisdictions, including New Jersey and Pennsylvania, the finalization of an adoption legally terminates the birth parents’ rights. Even in open adoptions, birth parents do not retain parental rights once the adoption is completed. The adoptive parents become the child’s legal parents in every sense.

A post-adoption contact agreement outlines the expectations for communication between birth parents and the adoptive family after the adoption is finalized. These agreements might specify how often photos will be exchanged, whether in-person visits will occur, and how communication will be maintained (e.g., by email, phone calls, or letters). In some cases, they can also include agreements about the role extended birth family members, such as grandparents, may have in the child’s life.

While post-adoption contact agreements are common, their enforceability varies by state. In New Jersey, PACAs are legally recognized and enforceable under certain conditions. For an agreement to be legally binding, it must be approved by the court as being in the best interest of the child. Both the birth parents and adoptive parents must enter into the agreement voluntarily, without coercion. If disputes arise later, the court can intervene to enforce or modify the agreement if doing so would serve the child’s best interests.

Pennsylvania takes a similar approach. State law allows for enforceable post-adoption contact agreements, but only when properly negotiated, documented, and approved during the adoption process. In both states, it is crucial for families to have an experienced attorney who can draft a thorough and clear agreement, ensuring that all terms are enforceable and align with applicable legal standards.

Even with an enforceable agreement, it is important to recognize that the adoptive parents retain legal parental authority. They have the right to make decisions about the child’s welfare, including limiting or discontinuing contact if it is no longer in the child’s best interest. Courts are unlikely to force continued contact if there is credible evidence that doing so would harm the child emotionally or physically.

Closed adoptions, on the other hand, involve no ongoing contact between the birth and adoptive families. The adoption records are sealed, and identifying information is kept confidential. In New Jersey, for example, adoption records have historically been sealed; however, changes to the law in 2017 allowed adult adoptees access to their original birth certificates under specific circumstances. Pennsylvania also permits adult adoptees to request their original birth records through a similar process.

In a closed adoption, because there is no post-adoption communication planned or agreed upon, no post-adoption contact agreement is necessary. Legally, once the court finalizes the adoption and terminates the birth parents’ rights, the adoptive parents are the child’s sole legal parents without any further legal obligations to the birth family.

For some families, closed adoptions provide a sense of finality and privacy. They can be an appropriate choice in cases involving concerns about safety, domestic violence, or drug abuse. Closed adoptions can also be preferred when the birth parents or adoptive parents strongly desire to move forward without ongoing connection. However, it is important to weigh the potential impact on the child, who may later have questions about their biological heritage.

Research suggests that children in open adoptions often have fewer identity struggles during adolescence and feel more connected to both their birth and adoptive families. A 2009 study from the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute found that adoptees who had some form of contact with their birth families generally reported higher levels of satisfaction with their adoption experiences than those who did not.

Nevertheless, openness must be handled thoughtfully. An open relationship that is inconsistent, confusing, or emotionally charged can sometimes cause stress for the child. Boundaries and clear communication are critical to maintaining a healthy open adoption arrangement.

Another important aspect of open and closed adoptions is how they impact access to medical history. In open adoptions, it is often easier to update a child’s medical history over time as birth families remain in communication. In closed adoptions, adoptive families usually receive a one-time medical history report at placement, but there may be no way to obtain future updates.

Regardless of the type of adoption, the adoption decree is the legal document that finalizes the child’s placement with the adoptive family. It gives the adoptive parents full legal rights and responsibilities for the child, and it severs all legal ties between the child and the birth parents. The importance of this legal foundation cannot be overstated, whether an adoption is open or closed.

Navigating the legal issues around open and closed adoptions requires experienced legal counsel. Families must ensure that their adoption plan complies with state laws and that any agreements made are properly documented and enforceable. Legal professionals can also help families understand what rights and responsibilities they are assuming through post-adoption contact agreements.

For more than 25 years, the Law Office of Cofsky & Zeidman, LLC has helped families throughout New Jersey and Pennsylvania navigate the adoption process. Whether pursuing an open or closed adoption, their attorneys bring extensive experience to every case, ensuring that families are protected and prepared for the journey ahead. With over 1,500 adoptions successfully handled, their team is well-versed in drafting and enforcing post-adoption contact agreements, securing finalization hearings, and managing the legal complexities that arise throughout the adoption process.

Attorney Donald C. Cofsky, a Fellow and Immediate Past President of the Academy of Adoption and Assisted Reproduction Attorneys, leads the firm’s adoption and family formation practice. Their team understands that every family’s needs are unique and works closely with clients to ensure that adoption plans reflect those needs while protecting all parties involved.

To speak with an experienced adoption attorney, contact the Law Office of Cofsky & Zeidman, LLC online or call (856) 429-5005 in Haddonfield, (856) 845-2555 in Woodbury, or (215) 563-2150 in Philadelphia. Whether you are considering an open or closed adoption, experienced legal guidance can ensure that your family’s future is built on a strong and secure foundation.

Adopting Older Children: What to Know

Adopting an older child can be one of the most rewarding things a family can do. These kids bring their own life stories, and many are strong and full of personality. They may have been through tough times, but with the right care, they can grow and thrive.

Why Older Children Wait Longer for Adoption

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, over 400,000 children are currently in foster care. Many of them are older than six. Sadly, older children often wait much longer to find a family. They might live in many different homes before someone adopts them. This can make it hard for them to feel safe and settled. But these kids still need and deserve a forever home.

What Makes It Hard

Adopting an older child comes with challenges. Many have faced trauma, neglect, or loss. These experiences can affect how they trust others or connect emotionally. Some children may act out or shut down at first. This is often because of fear or a lack of stability. They may need counseling, support at school, or routines to help them adjust.  With love, patience, and time, many children open up. They can learn to trust and build strong bonds.

Why It’s Worth It

Even with the challenges, many parents say adopting an older child is deeply fulfilling. These children often crave connection. They already have their own likes, dislikes, and personalities. Watching them grow, smile, and succeed brings real joy.  Every step forward—making a friend, doing well in school, or gaining confidence—is something to celebrate.

Getting Ready

Preparation is key. Parents should learn about trauma, mental health needs, and school supports. Knowing the child’s background helps you meet their needs.  A stable home with clear rules and open talk gives children what they need to succeed. Joining a support group or taking classes can also help.

Learning and Behavior

Some older adoptees struggle in school. They might need tutoring or help with behavior. They may also need time to get used to a new classroom or routine.

Parents should expect ups and downs. Structure, honest conversations, and therapy can make a big difference. Over time, most children make big strides with the right care.

Health and Emotions

Older children might have health problems or missing medical records. Seeing a doctor early on is important.

They may also struggle with who they are or how they see themselves. Talking about adoption, offering love, and letting them share their feelings helps them feel safe.

Culture and Identity

Many older kids come from different cultural backgrounds. Respecting their roots helps them feel proud and connected. Learn about their traditions, celebrate special holidays, and talk about their culture.

This shows that their past matters—and that they matter.

Legal Steps

Adoption is a legal process. It includes ending previous parental rights, court hearings, and paperwork. Older children may have more legal history, so working with a skilled lawyer is very important.

Handling the Paperwork

There’s a lot of paperwork—from home studies to court reports. A good attorney can help make sure everything is right and on time. Mistakes can cause delays, so legal help is key.

Long-Term Support Matters

Adoption doesn’t stop when papers are signed. Families need ongoing support. That can include peer groups, therapy, or parenting classes. These resources help families feel less alone and more prepared.

The more parents learn about trauma and child behavior, the better they can help their child grow.

Why Stability Counts

Research shows that stable, loving homes help adopted kids do better in life. They do better in school, make friends, and feel good about themselves. With time and care, they can heal and thrive.

You Don’t Have to Do It Alone

If you’re thinking about adopting an older child, make sure you have legal support. It’s not just helpful—it’s necessary. A good lawyer can protect your rights and guide you every step of the way.

With over 25 years of experience, the Law Office of Cofsky & Zeidman, LLC has helped more than 1,500 families through adoption. Attorney Donald C. Cofsky and his team guide families through agency, private, stepparent, and international adoptions, as well as contested cases. Their support includes managing adoption expenses, completing home studies, and preparing families for court proceedings.

To learn how Cofsky & Zeidman can help your family, contact their office online or call (856) 429-5005 in Haddonfield, (856) 845-2555 in Woodbury, or (215) 563-2150 in Philadelphia. Legal confidence gives families peace of mind—so they can focus on what matters most: building a loving, lasting home.